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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 28 '05 Hybrid Cars

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#1 of 3

     Posted 6/30/05 3:43 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198411.1 ]    

What is your opinion of hybrid cars?

Hybrid Cars

A hybrid car is one which uses two or more sources of power. Currently available hybrid cars use gasoline and a rechargeable battery. Because the battery gives assistance when accelerating quickly or going up hill, the engine can be built smaller. The gasoline motor can shut off when the car is stopped, and use only the electric motor and battery. Braking energy is used to charge up the battery, so the battery does not need to be hooked up to the mains supply for recharging.

Maintenance need not cost more for hybrids than for ordinary cars, and while you may want to take it to the dealer while it is under warranty, there are increasing numbers of independent mechanics learning how to service hybrids.

Hybrids can be driven in very cold weather. For example, the Honda Civic Integrated Motor Assist system should operate down to 22 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, and the Insight's auxiliary starter motor should start the gasoline engine in very cold weather. At the other end of the scale, nickel metal hydride batteries can cope with up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, which should never occur if the air cooling is working. The hybrid battery packs should last at least 150,000 to 200,000 miles. Replacing them outside of warranty could be expensive, however. The nickel metal hydride batteries can be recycled.

The Honda Insight went on sale in the United States early in 2000. It is a light (less than 1,900 pounds (862 kg)), small two-seater designed to be very aerodynamic and efficient and to get the best possible mileage. It has an aluminum frame. The Toyota Prius went on sale in Japan at the end of 1997. It is a four-door five-seater 2,900 pounds (1,315 kg) sedan capable of meeting California's super ultra low emissions vehicle (SULEV) standard, having been designed to reduce emissions in urban areas. It was North American Car of the Year in 2004. Other current or soon-to-come hybrid vehicles include the Honda Civic (4 door/5 seat sedan), Honda Accord, Ford Escape, Lexus RX 400h, Toyota Highlander, Daimler-Chrysler Dodge Ram, General Motors Chevy Silverado, General Motors GMC-Sierra and General Motors Saturn-VUE.

In the Honda Insight the electric motor is coupled to the engine where the flywheel usually goes. Honda calls this "Integrated Motor Assist." The electric motor starts the engine, assists the gasoline motor when accelerating or climbing a hill and captures energy when braking. It cannot move the car on its own. The Toyota Prius uses the electric motor at lower speeds (up to about 40 mph (64 kph)), and only uses the gasoline engine when it is efficient to do so. The system acts as a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and also starts the engine.

Americans buying a new hybrid are eligible for a "Clean-Fuel" vehicle tax deduction of up to $2,000 this year, or $500 in 2006; nothing in subsequent years, unless the law is changed. In some places hybrids are allowed to use car pool lanes.

One concern about hybrids is their safety after there has been an accident. Some of them have batteries that can carry up to 500 volts compared to the 12 volts of a normal car battery, and if the car is in electric-only mode it may be difficult to tell if it is on (so it could run over the rescuer). Rescuers may face the risk of electrocution, particularly if they are trying to cut somebody out. Manufacturers have colour coded and positioned wires so as to minimise the risk and issued guidelines. They say there is no additional risk if the car is under water, though care should be taken once the car has been pulled out.

Sales of hybrid, diesel cars seen surging in U. S.

A J.D. Power-LMC Automotive Forecasting Services survey predicts that there will be a doubling of hybrid and diesel vehicles in the U.S. in the next 7 years, bringing them up to 11 percent of the market compared to an estimated 4.8 percent this year. Gas-electric hybrid vehicles would increase from 0.5 percent in 2004 to 3.5 percent by 2012, and diesels from 3 percent to 7.5 percent. High oil prices will be a major factor.

Recent news stories involving hybrid vehicles include:

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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#2 of 3

     Posted 6/30/05 3:46 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198411.2 Message 198411.2 replying to 198411.1 198411.1 ]    

Other Stories

Bioterror Report on Milk Concerns Feds

After delaying to consider government objections, the National Academy of Sciences has gone ahead and published an article on the possibility of terrorists poisoning people by releasing botulinum toxin into the milk supply.

WHO Appeals to China to Test for Bird Flu

5,000 birds have died at the remote saltwater Qinghai Lake in Qinghai province. Some have tested positive for the H5N1 bird flu strain. There has not been a mass cull as many of the birds are from rare, protected species. There is a 6 mile quarantine around the lake.

World Health Organization (WHO) officials are concerned that it might mutate into a form that can spread from person to person and cause a pandemic, and that the birds will spread the illness when they migrate to India and Pakistan in August and September. The WHO wants more tests of birds and of people who have been in the area, as not everyone who carries the virus shows symptoms. It also wants birds to be tagged and monitored. Nobody is known to have died so far.

USDA Fails to Find Cause of Attack on Horn

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has failed to work out why a performing Bengal tiger to attack illusionist Roy Horn of Siegfried & Roy during a performance. Horn is partially paralyzed as a result, and the shows have ended. Numerous theories were considered. The USDA found that the show had failed to protect the audience by erecting a barrier.

Italian heatwave 'puts one million people at risk'

Italy is facing a heat wave at least as bad as that of 2003, when 20,000 people died. People over 75 are particularly vulnerable. Some have already died. There are also water shortages in the North. Electricity demand is very high.

U.S. vaccine works against Lassa fever in monkeys

A genetically engineered vaccine has protected 4 monkeys from Lassa fever in tests. Like Ebola, Marburg and yellow fever, Lassa is a hemorrhagic virus, but it is less likely to be fatal.

Researchers Release Rare Turtles in Ga.

Four rare bog turtles, a federally threatened species, have been released into the wild in Georgia. Development has destroyed their habitat and wiped out colonies of the turtles. The turtles are being tracked. The turtles are tiny, weighing only 4 ounces.

Scientists: Cod Off Nova Scotia Declining

A study by Canadian scientists has concluded that the cod stocks off Nova Scotia may never recover. Stocks have declined by 96 percent since the 1850s. In their absence populations of smaller fish have exploded, and these eat cod eggs, larvae and juvenile cod as well as other small marine life. Eventually there will not be enough food for the smaller fish and they will decline, but the young cod may not be in a strong enough position to take advantage. Lobster stocks have risen considerably, which is good news for Maine fishermen, but it leaves them dependent on a single species.

Most of Illinois in Moderate Drought

After the last record crop of corn, Illinois is experiencing a drought which may devastate this year's crop if there is no rain soon. Iowa, the only state which produces more corn than Iowa, is not affected.

New Weather Service Radars Saving Lives

The National Weather Service estimates that the new radars it installed in the 1990s are saving nearly 80 lives a year from tornadoes.

Some Ranchers Shy During Cattle Auction

Cattle prices in the USA have dropped more than 2 percent in the past couple of weeks since the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced a retest on an animal that died some time ago. In sales today after the test came back positive for mad cow disease, a below average number of animals were for sale.

Study: Horses Are $39 Billion Industry

It is estimated that the horse industry contributes $39 billion directly and $63 billion indirectly to the U.S. economy. 1.4 million jobs are supported.

Wis. Court Rules in Favor of Power Plant

The Wisconsin Supreme Court has ruled that the Public Service Commission acted properly in approving a huge $2.15 billion coal-fired power plant. Opponents said that the project was not properly reviewed and that there was no study of whether cleaner-burning natural gas was a viable alternative to coal.

Norsk Hydro Buys Half of Wind Power Project

Norsk Hydro ASA is to buy a half interest in the British 315 megawatt Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm project off of Norfolk. The wind farm could supply 175,000 British homes with electricity and save carbon dioxide emissions by 700,000 tons per year.

Please see the following message for the remaining stories.

 

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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#3 of 3

     Posted 6/30/05 3:50 AM   
Sue_N
 
From  Sue_N  Posts 3452  Last 12:11 AM
To  All      [Msg # 198411.3 Message 198411.3 replying to 198411.2 198411.2 ]    

Russia signs first Kyoto project, more seen

The Kyoto Protocol allows countries to invest in projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and count them against their quota as though the savings were in their own country. Denmark's Environmental Protection Agency has invested in some piolt projects in Russia which should save 1.21 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year.

Interest Rises in Ethanol-Heavy E85, Vehicles Than Can Use E85

More motorists are beginning to use E85, a blend of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline, as they become aware that they can and as more retail filling stations offer it. Only "flexible fuel vehicles" can use it; a decal inside the fuel door or owner's manual or the National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition web site can tell you if yours is one. In some models the mileage is a little lower, but this is more than offset by a saving of between 30 to 60 cents a gallon. Flexible fuel vehicles cost roughly the same as ordinary vehicles. There are currently over 4 million flexible fuel vehicles in the U.S.

Prices of E85 have not been rising in line with gasoline prices as the supply of ethanol has been growing and there are federal tax subsidies.

France to host world's first nuclear fusion plant, France Choosen As Site for Nuclear Reactor

France has beaten Japan and been chosen as the site of the world's first nuclear fusion reactor. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) reactor will use deuterium as fuel and a giant electromagnetic ring to fuse atomic nuclei. The deuterium will be extracted from sea water. The reactor will need to sustain temperatures of about 100 million Celsius (180 million F) for the fusion to go ahead and generate power.

Opponents say that if the project works, it will take too long to become commercially viable, so it would be better to spend the money on other projects that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions before 2050.

Teen Critical After Second Shark Attack

The second teenager in a week has been attacked by a shark. Three days ago a 14-year-old girl was killed. This time a boy lost a leg only 80 miles away from the first attack.

Reinforcements Arrive to Protect Utah Town

Fresh firefighters have arrived in New Harmony, Utah to tackle a wildfire threatening the town.

Venezuela Seeks to Build Oil Alliance

Venezuela wants to form a new joint company, Petrocaribe, with Caribbean countries so as to be able to distribute oil more cheaply.

Environmentalist Fights U.S. Extradition

Tre Arrow, born Michael Scarpitti, is a radical environmentalist who is on the FBI's most wanted fugitives list. He is accused of playing a part in the 2001 firebombings of logging and cement trucks in Oregon and of being associated with the Earth Liberation Front. He is fighting extradition form Canada to the U.S.

Gazprom Missing Export Gas a Meeting Topic

Russian natural gas giant Gazprom and Ukrainian energy company Naftogaz Ukrainy are in dispute over 8 billion cubic meters (282 billion cubic feet) of natural gas stored underground in the Ukraine. Gazprom says it is lost as the Ukraine seems never to be able to supply it. The Ukraine agrees Gazprom has a right to the gas, but disputes the price.


What is your opinion of hybrid cars?

[Views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of CompuServe, Netscape, any government, agency, or news organization. External Websites are "At Your Own Risk," and no endorsement is expressed or implied.]

Sue [sysop in NewsForum, World Issues, All Animals forums]
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Sci / Health / Environment

Enviro. June 28 '05 Hybrid Cars

  
 
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